Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow, sentence 18
Grapes and raisins can badly damage a dog's kidneys even in small amounts; scientists think a natural acid in grapes is to blame.
Who acts: Grapes, scientists, natural acid · What happens: damage, think, be · To what, where: kidneys, small amounts · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grapes, scientists, natural acid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grapes | grape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 damage | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 raisins | cc |
| 3 | raisins | raisin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Grapes | conj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 damage | aux |
| 5 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 damage | advmod |
| 6 | damage | damage | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 dog | det |
| 8 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 kidneys | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 dog | case |
| 10 | kidneys | kidney | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 damage | obj |
| 11 | even | even | ADV | _ | 14 amounts | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 amounts | case |
| 13 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 amounts | amod |
| 14 | amounts | amount | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 damage | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 think | punct |
| 16 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 think | nsubj |
| 17 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 damage | parataxis |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 acid | det |
| 19 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 acid | amod |
| 20 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 blame | nsubj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 grapes | case |
| 22 | grapes | grape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 acid | nmod |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 blame | cop |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 blame | mark |
| 25 | blame | blame | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 think | ccomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 damage | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | damage | can | Grapes and raisins | a dog's kidneys | small amounts | badly property | vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument kidney=Patient | ||
| 2 | think speech: other | present | scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | present | a natural acid in grapes | blame property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:346-fruit-how-apples-bananas-oranges-strawberries-and-grapes-grow.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/346-fruit-how-apples-bananas-oranges-strawberries-and-grapes-grow/18/