Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 1

The penguin's wings became flippers, the ostrich's legs became racing legs with two toes, and the hummingbird's wings beat so fast it can hover and even fly backwards.

Who acts: wings, legs, hummingbird · What happens: become, race, beat, hover, fly · To what, where: flippers, racing legs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, legs, hummingbird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 penguin	det
2	penguin	penguin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wings	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 penguin	case
4	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 became	nsubj
5	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 became	parataxis
6	flippers	flipper	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 became	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 became	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ostrich	det
9	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 legs	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 ostrich	case
11	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 became	nsubj
12	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	racing	race	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 legs	amod
14	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 became	xcomp
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 toes	case
16	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 toes	nummod
17	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 legs	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 beat	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 beat	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 hummingbird	det
21	hummingbird	hummingbird	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 wings	nmod:poss
22	's	's	PART	_	21 hummingbird	case
23	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 beat	nsubj
24	beat	beat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 became	conj
25	so	so	ADV	_	26 fast	advmod
26	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	24 beat	advmod
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 hover	nsubj
28	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	29 hover	aux
29	hover	hover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 fast	advcl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 fly	cc
31	even	even	ADV	_	32 fly	advmod
32	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 hover	conj
33	backwards	backward	ADV	_	32 fly	advmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 became	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	become	past	the penguin's wings	flippers		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	become	past	the ostrich's legs	racing legs with two toes		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	race	gerund				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	beat	past	the hummingbird's wings		fast property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	hover	can	hummingbird			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	fly	infinitive	hummingbird not said here		backward property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/1/