Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 7
The ostrich is the biggest living bird, up to about 2.7 m tall; it cannot fly but runs at about 70 km/h on feet with only two toes, and the head-in-sand story is a myth: to hide it lies flat with its neck on the ground.
Who acts: ostrich, head sand story, story · What happens: be, not fly, run, hide, lie · To what, where: biggest living bird, 70 km/h, myth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ostrich, head sand story, story), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ostrich | det |
| 2 | ostrich | ostrich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bird | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 bird | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bird | det |
| 5 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 bird | amod |
| 6 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 bird | amod |
| 7 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tall | punct |
| 9 | up | up | ADV | _ | 14 tall | advmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 up | fixed |
| 11 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 2.7 | advmod |
| 12 | 2.7 | 2.7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac | 13 m | nummod |
| 13 | m | m | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 tall | obl |
| 14 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 bird | parataxis |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 fly | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 fly | nsubj |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 fly | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 fly | advmod |
| 19 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 tall | parataxis |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 runs | cc |
| 21 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 fly | conj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 km/h | case |
| 23 | about | about | ADV | _ | 24 70 | advmod |
| 24 | 70 | 70 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 km/h | nummod |
| 25 | km/h | km/h | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 runs | obl |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 feet | case |
| 27 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 runs | obl |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 toes | case |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 two | advmod |
| 30 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 toes | nummod |
| 31 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 feet | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 myth | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 myth | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 story | det |
| 35 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 story | compound |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 story | punct |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 story | case |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 in | punct |
| 39 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 story | compound |
| 40 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 myth | nsubj |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 myth | cop |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 myth | det |
| 43 | myth | myth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tall | conj |
| 44 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 46 hide | punct |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 hide | mark |
| 46 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 lies | advcl |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 lies | nsubj |
| 48 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 myth | parataxis |
| 49 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 lies | xcomp |
| 50 | with | with | ADP | _ | 52 neck | case |
| 51 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 neck | nmod:poss |
| 52 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 lies | obl |
| 53 | on | on | ADP | _ | 55 ground | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 ground | det |
| 55 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 neck | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 bird | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the ostrich | the biggest living bird | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not fly | can | ostrich | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | run | present | ostrich not said here | 70 km/h | on feet with two toes | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at km/h=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | is a | present | the head sand story | a myth | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | hide | to-infinitive | story not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | lie | present | story | with story's neck on the ground; flat property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/7/