Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 8
Parrots copy sounds with a voice box deep in the chest; Alex, an African grey studied for 30 years, learned over 100 words and could name colours, shapes and numbers.
Who acts: Parrots, Alex · What happens: copy, study, learn, name · To what, where: sounds, African grey, 100 words, colours
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parrots, Alex), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parrots | parrot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 copy | nsubj |
| 2 | copy | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 copy | obj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 box | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 box | det |
| 6 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 box | compound |
| 7 | box | box | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 copy | obl |
| 8 | deep | deep | ADV | _ | 11 chest | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 chest | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 chest | det |
| 11 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 box | nmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 Alex | punct |
| 13 | Alex | Alex | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 learned | nsubj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 grey | punct |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 grey | det |
| 16 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 grey | amod |
| 17 | grey | grey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 Alex | appos |
| 18 | studied | study | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 grey | acl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 years | case |
| 20 | 30 | 30 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 years | nummod |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 studied | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 learned | punct |
| 23 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 copy | conj |
| 24 | over | over | ADV | _ | 25 100 | advmod |
| 25 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 words | nummod |
| 26 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 learned | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 name | cc |
| 28 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 name | aux |
| 29 | name | name | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 learned | conj |
| 30 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 name | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 shapes | punct |
| 32 | shapes | shape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 colours | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 numbers | cc |
| 34 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 colours | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 copy | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | present | Parrots | sounds | with a voice box in the chest | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme | |||
| 2 | study | participle | a African grey not said here | year | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | learn | past | Alex | 100 words | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 4 | name | could | Alex not said here | colours and shapes and numbers | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/8/