Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 9
Hummingbirds beat their wings about 50 to 80 times a second in a figure-of-eight, so they can hover and fly backwards; the bee hummingbird of Cuba is the smallest bird.
Who acts: Hummingbirds, numbers, bee hummingbird · What happens: beat, hover, fly, be · To what, where: wings, second smallest bird
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hummingbirds, numbers, bee hummingbird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hummingbirds | hummingbird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beat | nsubj |
| 2 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 wings | nmod:poss |
| 4 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beat | obj |
| 5 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 50 | advmod |
| 6 | 50 | 50 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 times | nummod |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 80 | case |
| 8 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 50 | nmod |
| 9 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beat | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 second | det |
| 11 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 36 bird | amod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 figure | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 figure | det |
| 14 | figure | figure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 beat | obl |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 eight | punct |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 eight | case |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 of | punct |
| 18 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 figure | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 hover | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 hover | advmod |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 hover | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 hover | aux |
| 23 | hover | hover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 beat | advcl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 fly | cc |
| 25 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 hover | conj |
| 26 | backwards | backward | ADV | _ | 25 fly | advmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 bird | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hummingbird | det |
| 29 | bee | bee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hummingbird | compound |
| 30 | hummingbird | hummingbird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 bird | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Cuba | case |
| 32 | Cuba | Cuba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 hummingbird | nmod |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 bird | cop |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 bird | det |
| 35 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 36 bird | amod |
| 36 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 beat | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 beat | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | present | Hummingbirds | numbers's wings | time | in a figure of eight | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent wing=Patient in figure=Topic | ||
| 2 | hover | can | numbers = number | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fly | infinitive | numbers = number not said here | backward property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | the bee hummingbird of Cuba | the second smallest bird | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/9/