Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn, sentence 9

Skin has two to four million sweat glands; sweat cools you as it dries, because drying takes heat from the skin, and on a humid day it dries slowly and cools less.

Who acts: Skin, sweat · What happens: have, cool, dry, take · To what, where: million sweat glands, you, heat, skin

This is a sentence of the lesson «Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Skin, sweat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 million	compound
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 four	case
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 two	nmod
6	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 glands	nummod
7	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 glands	compound
8	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 cools	punct
10	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cools	nsubj
11	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 glands	parataxis
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 cools	obj
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 dries	mark
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 dries	nsubj
15	dries	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 cools	advcl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 dries	punct
17	because	because	SCONJ	_	19 takes	mark
18	drying	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 takes	nsubj
19	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 cools	advcl
20	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 takes	obj
21	from	from	ADP	_	23 skin	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 skin	det
23	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 takes	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 dries	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 dries	cc
26	on	on	ADP	_	29 day	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 day	det
28	humid	humid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 day	amod
29	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 dries	obl
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 dries	nsubj
31	dries	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
32	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	31 dries	advmod
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 cools	cc
34	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 dries	conj
35	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	34 cools	advmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Skin	million sweat glands				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gland=Patient
2	cool	present	sweat	you				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent you=Patient
3	dry	present	skin					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	dry	gerund						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	take	present		heat	the skin			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent heat=Theme from skin=Initial_Location
6	dry	present	skin			day	slowly property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	cool	present	skin not said here				less property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn/9/