Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps, sentence 2

Insects wear their skeleton outside like armour, so to grow they split it and climb out, leaving an empty skin like the dragonfly nymph's by the pond, and they breathe through tiny holes along their sides.

Who acts: Insects, wings · What happens: wear, grow, split, climb out, leave, breathe · To what, where: skeleton, insect, empty skin, tiny holes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wear	nsubj
2	wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 skeleton	nmod:poss
4	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wear	obj
5	outside	outside	ADV	_	2 wear	advmod
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 armour	case
7	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wear	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 grow	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 grow	advmod
10	to	to	PART	_	11 grow	mark
11	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wear	conj
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 split	nsubj
13	split	split	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 grow	ccomp
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 split	obj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 climb	cc
16	climb	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 split	conj
17	out	out	ADP	_	16 climb	compound:prt
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 leaving	punct
19	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 climb	advcl
20	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 skin	det
21	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 skin	amod
22	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 leaving	obj
23	like	like	ADP	_	26 nymph	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 nymph	det
25	dragonfly	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 nymph	compound
26	nymph	nymph	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 skin	nmod
27	's	's	PART	_	26 nymph	case
28	by	by	ADP	_	30 pond	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 pond	det
30	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 leaving	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 breathe	punct
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 breathe	cc
33	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 breathe	nsubj
34	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 climb	advcl
35	through	through	ADP	_	37 holes	case
36	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 holes	amod
37	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 breathe	obl
38	along	along	ADP	_	40 sides	case
39	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	40 sides	nmod:poss
40	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 holes	nmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 wear	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	wear	present	Insects	wings's skeleton		like armour; outside property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent skeleton=Source
2	grow	to-infinitive	Insects not said here				tree rules
3	split	past	wings = wing	insect			vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
4	climb out	present	wings = wing not said here				vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	leave	gerund	wings = wing not said here	a empty skin		like the dragonfly nymph; by the pond	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent skin=Theme by pond=Location
6	breathe	present	wings = wing		tiny holes along wings's sides		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/2/