Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps, sentence 7
Insects have no lungs: air enters through little holes along the sides called spiracles and travels down branching tubes to every part, which only works well over short distances, one reason insects stay small.
Who acts: Insects, air, sides, part · What happens: have, enter, call, travel down, branch, work · To what, where: lungs, little holes, spiracles, branching tubes, one reason · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects, air, sides, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 lungs | det |
| 4 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 enters | punct |
| 6 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 enters | nsubj |
| 7 | enters | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | parataxis |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 10 holes | case |
| 9 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 holes | amod |
| 10 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 enters | obl |
| 11 | along | along | ADP | _ | 13 sides | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sides | det |
| 13 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 holes | nmod |
| 14 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 sides | acl |
| 15 | spiracles | spiracle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 called | xcomp |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 travels | cc |
| 17 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 enters | conj |
| 18 | down | down | ADV | _ | 17 travels | advmod |
| 19 | branching | branch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 tubes | compound |
| 20 | tubes | tube | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 travels | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 part | case |
| 22 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 part | det |
| 23 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 travels | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 works | punct |
| 25 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 works | nsubj |
| 26 | only | only | ADV | _ | 27 works | advmod |
| 27 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 part | acl:relcl |
| 28 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 works | advmod |
| 29 | over | over | ADP | _ | 31 distances | case |
| 30 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 distances | amod |
| 31 | distances | distance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 works | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 insects | punct |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 reason | nummod |
| 34 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 works | appos |
| 35 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 stay | nsubj |
| 36 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 reason | acl |
| 37 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 stay | xcomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Insects | no lungs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient | ||||
| 2 | enter | present | air | little holes along the sides | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | the sides not said here | spiracles | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | travel down | present | air not said here | branching tubes | to every part; down property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tube=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | branch | gerund | vn differ-23.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | work | present | every part | over short distances; well property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | stay | infinitive | insects | one reason not said here | small property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme reason=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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