Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles, sentence 16

Muscles grow stronger with use; astronauts in space lose muscle without gravity to work against, so they exercise about two hours a day.

Who acts: Muscles, astronauts · What happens: grow, lose, work, exercise · To what, where: muscle

This is a sentence of the lesson «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muscles, astronauts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 grow	xcomp
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 use	case
5	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grow	obl
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 astronauts	punct
7	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lose	nsubj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 space	case
9	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 astronauts	nmod
10	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grow	parataxis
11	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lose	obj
12	without	without	ADP	_	13 gravity	case
13	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lose	obl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 work	mark
15	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 lose	advcl
16	against	against	ADP	_	15 work	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 exercise	punct
18	so	so	ADV	_	20 exercise	advmod
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 exercise	nsubj
20	exercise	exercise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 lose	parataxis
21	about	about	ADV	_	22 two	advmod
22	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 hours	nummod
23	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 day	nmod:unmarked
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 day	det
25	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 exercise	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 grow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Muscles			with use; strong property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	lose	present	astronauts in space	muscle		without gravity	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Eventuality
3	work	to-infinitive	astronauts in space not said here				vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	exercise	present	muscles = muscle		day		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/16/