Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles, sentence 9

The knee is a hinge joint held together by strong straps called ligaments, with cushions of cartilage between the bones; knee injuries are common in sport.

Who acts: knee, strong straps, knee injuries · What happens: be, hold together, call · To what, where: hinge joint, ligaments, sport · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knee, strong straps, knee injuries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 knee	det
2	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 joint	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 joint	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 joint	det
5	hinge	hinge	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 joint	compound
6	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 joint	acl
8	together	together	ADV	_	7 held	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 straps	case
10	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 straps	amod
11	straps	strap	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 held	obl
12	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 straps	acl
13	ligaments	ligament	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 called	xcomp
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 cushions	punct
15	with	with	ADP	_	16 cushions	case
16	cushions	cushion	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 straps	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 cartilage	case
18	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cushions	nmod
19	between	between	ADP	_	21 bones	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 bones	det
21	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 cushions	nmod
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 common	punct
23	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 injuries	compound
24	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 common	nsubj
25	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 common	cop
26	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 joint	parataxis
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 sport	case
28	sport	sport	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 common	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 joint	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the knee	a hinge joint			tree rules
2	hold together	participle		a hinge joint not said here		by strong straps and cushions of cartilage between the bones; together property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by strap=Location
3	call	participle	strong straps and cushions of cartilage between the bones not said here	ligaments			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	knee injuries		sport	common property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/9/