Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger, sentence 6
Growth plates are bands of soft cartilage near the ends of bones where new bone is added; they show as gaps on an X-ray because cartilage lets X-rays through, and they close into solid bone when the teenage years end.
Who acts: Growth plates, Bones, cartilage, teenage years · What happens: be, add, show, let through, close, end · To what, where: bands, ends, new bone, X rays, solid bone
This is a sentence of the lesson «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Growth plates, Bones, cartilage, teenage years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 plates | compound |
| 2 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bands | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bands | cop |
| 4 | bands | band | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 cartilage | case |
| 6 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cartilage | amod |
| 7 | cartilage | cartilage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bands | nmod |
| 8 | near | near | ADP | _ | 10 ends | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ends | det |
| 10 | ends | end | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bands | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 bones | case |
| 12 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ends | nmod |
| 13 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 added | advmod |
| 14 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 bone | amod |
| 15 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 added | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 added | aux:pass |
| 17 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 bones | acl:relcl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 show | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 show | nsubj |
| 20 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bands | parataxis |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 gaps | case |
| 22 | gaps | gaps | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 show | obl |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 ray | case |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 ray | det |
| 25 | X | x | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 ray | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 X | punct |
| 27 | ray | ray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 gaps | nmod |
| 28 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 30 lets | mark |
| 29 | cartilage | cartilage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 lets | nsubj |
| 30 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 show | advcl |
| 31 | X | x | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 rays | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 X | punct |
| 33 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 lets | obj |
| 34 | through | through | ADP | _ | 30 lets | compound:prt |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 close | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 close | cc |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 close | nsubj |
| 38 | close | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 show | conj |
| 39 | into | into | ADP | _ | 41 bone | case |
| 40 | solid | solid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 bone | amod |
| 41 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 close | obl |
| 42 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 46 end | advmod |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 years | det |
| 44 | teenage | teenage | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 years | amod |
| 45 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 end | nsubj |
| 46 | end | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 close | advcl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bands | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Growth plates | bands | near the ends of bones | of soft cartilage | tree rules | ||
| 2 | add speech: assert | present · passive | new bone | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | show | present | Bones = bone | as gaps on a X ray | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | let through | present | cartilage | X rays | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme | ||||
| 5 | close | present | Bones = bone | solid bone | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into bone=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | end | present | the teenage years | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/6/