Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, earwax and dizziness, sentence 16
A thin tube joins each middle ear to the back of the throat to let air in and out; on a plane, swallowing, yawning or chewing opens it, and a cold can block it and make ear pain worse.
Who acts: thin tube, swallowing, cold · What happens: join, let, swallow, yawn, chew, open · To what, where: middle ear, air, plane, ear pain
This is a sentence of the lesson «Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, earwax and dizziness» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thin tube, swallowing, cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 tube | det |
| 2 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 tube | amod |
| 3 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 joins | nsubj |
| 4 | joins | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 ear | det |
| 6 | middle | middle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ear | amod |
| 7 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 joins | obj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 back | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 back | det |
| 10 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 joins | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 throat | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 throat | det |
| 13 | throat | throat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 back | nmod |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 let | mark |
| 15 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 joins | advcl |
| 16 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 let | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADV | _ | 15 let | advmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 out | cc |
| 19 | out | out | ADV | _ | 17 in | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 joins | punct |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 plane | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 plane | det |
| 23 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 opens | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 swallowing | punct |
| 25 | swallowing | swallow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 opens | csubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 yawning | punct |
| 27 | yawning | yawn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 swallowing | conj |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 chewing | cc |
| 29 | chewing | chew | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 swallowing | conj |
| 30 | opens | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 joins | parataxis |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 opens | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 block | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 block | cc |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 cold | det |
| 35 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 block | nsubj |
| 36 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 block | aux |
| 37 | block | block | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 opens | conj |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 block | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 make | cc |
| 40 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 block | conj |
| 41 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 pain | compound |
| 42 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 make | obj |
| 43 | worse | bad | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 make | xcomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 joins | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | join | present | a thin tube | each middle ear | to the back of the throat | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent ear=Patient to back=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | let | to-infinitive | a thin tube not said here | air | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 3 | swallow | gerund | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | yawn | gerund | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | chew | gerund | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | open | present | swallowing | air | a plane | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent it=Theme on plane=Location | |||
| 7 | block | can | a cold | air | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme | ||||
| 8 | make | infinitive | a cold not said here | ear pain | bad property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pain=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/16/