Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede, sentence 1

Watch an ant drag a crumb bigger than itself: a muscle's strength depends on how thick it is, but weight depends on the whole body, so when an animal shrinks its weight falls much faster than its strength.

Who acts: you, ant, strength, weight, animal · What happens: watch, drag, depend, be, shrink, falls · To what, where: crumb

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, ant, strength, weight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Watch	watch	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ant	det
3	ant	ant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drag	nsubj
4	drag	drag	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Watch	xcomp
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 crumb	det
6	crumb	crumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drag	obj
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 crumb	amod
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 itself	case
9	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 bigger	obl
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 depends	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 muscle	det
12	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 strength	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 muscle	case
14	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 depends	nsubj
15	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 crumb	parataxis
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 thick	case
17	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	18 thick	advmod
18	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 depends	xcomp
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 thick	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 thick	cop
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 depends	punct
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	24 depends	cc
23	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 depends	nsubj
24	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Watch	conj
25	on	on	ADP	_	28 body	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 body	det
27	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 body	amod
28	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 depends	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 faster	punct
30	so	so	ADV	_	37 falls	advmod
31	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	34 shrinks	advmod
32	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 animal	det
33	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 shrinks	nsubj
34	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 falls	advcl
35	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 weight	nmod:poss
36	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 falls	nsubj
37	falls	falls	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Watch	parataxis
38	much	much	ADV	_	39 faster	advmod
39	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	37 falls	advmod
40	than	than	ADP	_	42 strength	case
41	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 strength	nmod:poss
42	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 faster	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Watch	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	watch	imperative	you not said here			tree rules
2	drag	infinitive	a ant	a crumb		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme
3	depend	present	a muscle's strength			vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	strength		thick property	tree rules
5	depend	present	weight		on the whole body	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on body=Theme
6	shrink	present	a animal			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	falls	present	ant's weight		fast property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/1/