Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede, sentence 5

People often say rhinoceros beetles lift hundreds of times their weight; careful tests found less, but still many times their weight, and they use their horns to wrestle rivals off branches.

Who acts: People, rhinoceros beetles, beetles · What happens: say, lift, find, use, wrestle · To what, where: hundreds, careful tests, horns, rivals · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, rhinoceros beetles, beetles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 say	nsubj
2	often	often	ADV	_	3 say	advmod
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rhinoceros	rhinoceros	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 beetles	compound
5	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lift	nsubj
6	lift	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	ccomp
7	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lift	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 times	case
9	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hundreds	nmod
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 weight	nmod:poss
11	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 times	appos
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 tests	punct
13	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 tests	amod
14	tests	test	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 weight	conj
15	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 tests	acl
16	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 found	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 times	punct
18	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 times	cc
19	still	still	ADV	_	20 many	advmod
20	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 times	amod
21	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 say	obl:unmarked
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 weight	nmod:poss
23	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 times	appos
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 use	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 use	cc
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 use	nsubj
27	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 found	conj
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 horns	nmod:poss
29	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 use	obj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 wrestle	mark
31	wrestle	wrestle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 use	advcl
32	rivals	rival	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 wrestle	obj
33	off	off	ADP	_	34 branches	case
34	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 wrestle	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	People		time	often property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	lift	present	rhinoceros beetles	hundreds of times			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme
3	find	participle		careful tests not said here		less property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	use	present	beetles = beetle	beetles's horns			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient
5	wrestle	to-infinitive	beetles = beetle not said here	rivals		off branches	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rival=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/5/