Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish, sentence 13

A pangolin has no teeth; it licks up ants and termites with a very long sticky tongue anchored deep in its body near the hips, and small stones in its stomach help grind them.

Who acts: pangolin, small stones · What happens: have, lick up, anchor, help, grind · To what, where: teeth, ants, long sticky tongue, body, stones

This is a sentence of the lesson «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pangolin, small stones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pangolin	det
2	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 teeth	det
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 licks	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 licks	nsubj
8	licks	lick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	parataxis
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 licks	compound:prt
10	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 licks	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 termites	cc
12	termites	termite	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ants	conj
13	with	with	SCONJ	_	19 anchored	mark
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 tongue	det
15	very	very	ADV	_	16 long	advmod
16	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 tongue	amod
17	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 tongue	amod
18	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 licks	obl
19	anchored	anchor	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 tongue	acl
20	deep	deep	ADV	_	19 anchored	advmod
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 body	case
22	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 body	nmod:poss
23	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 anchored	obl
24	near	near	ADP	_	26 hips	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 hips	det
26	hips	hip	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 anchored	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 help	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 help	cc
29	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 stones	amod
30	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 help	nsubj
31	in	in	ADP	_	33 stomach	case
32	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	33 stomach	nmod:poss
33	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 stones	nmod
34	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	conj
35	grind	grind	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 help	xcomp
36	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 grind	obj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	a pangolin	no teeth			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
2	lick up	present	pangolin	ants and termites		a long sticky tongue obl	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent ant=Source
3	anchor	participle		a long sticky tongue not said here	pangolin's body	near the hips; deep property	vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	help	present	small stones in pangolin's stomach				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	grind	infinitive	small stones in pangolin's stomach not said here	stones = stone			vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish/13/