Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish, sentence 15
The hagfish is an eel-shaped fish with no jaws; when grabbed it lets out slime that becomes a bucketful of goo in seconds and clogs an attacker's gills, and it ties itself in a knot to wipe the slime off.
Who acts: hagfish, slime · What happens: shape, be, grab, let out, become, clog · To what, where: shaped fish, slime, bucketful, gills, hagfish, knot
This is a sentence of the lesson «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hagfish, slime), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hagfish | det |
| 2 | hagfish | hagfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fish | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fish | cop |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 fish | det |
| 5 | eel | eel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 shaped | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 eel | punct |
| 7 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 fish | amod |
| 8 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 jaws | case |
| 10 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 jaws | det |
| 11 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fish | nmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 grabbed | punct |
| 13 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 grabbed | advmod |
| 14 | grabbed | grab | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 lets | advcl |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 lets | nsubj |
| 16 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fish | parataxis |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 lets | compound:prt |
| 18 | slime | slime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lets | obj |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 becomes | nsubj |
| 20 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 slime | acl:relcl |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 bucketful | det |
| 22 | bucketful | bucketful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 becomes | xcomp |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 goo | case |
| 24 | goo | goo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bucketful | nmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 seconds | case |
| 26 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 becomes | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 clogs | cc |
| 28 | clogs | clog | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 becomes | conj |
| 29 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 attacker | det |
| 30 | attacker | attacker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 gills | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 attacker | case |
| 32 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 clogs | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 ties | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 ties | cc |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 ties | nsubj |
| 36 | ties | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 lets | conj |
| 37 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 36 ties | obj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 knot | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 knot | det |
| 40 | knot | knot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 ties | obl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 wipe | mark |
| 42 | wipe | wipe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 ties | advcl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 slime | det |
| 44 | slime | slime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 wipe | obj |
| 45 | off | off | ADP | _ | 42 wipe | compound:prt |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 fish | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the hagfish | a shaped fish | with no jaws | tree rules | |||
| 3 | grab | participle | hagfish not said here | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | let out | present | hagfish | slime | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slime=Theme | ||||
| 5 | become | present | slime | a bucketful of goo | second | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 6 | clog | present | slime not said here | a attacker's gills | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gill=Destination | ||||
| 7 | tie | present | hagfish | hagfish | a knot | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Patient | |||
| 8 | wipe off | to-infinitive | hagfish not said here | the slime | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent slime=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish/15/