Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish, sentence 16
A hagfish has one main heart and several helper hearts, often counted as four in all; it can live for months without eating and helps clean the sea floor by eating dead whales and fish.
Who acts: hagfish · What happens: have, count, live, eat, help, clean · To what, where: one main heart, several helper hearts, sea floor, dead whales
This is a sentence of the lesson «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hagfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 hagfish | det |
| 2 | hagfish | hagfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 heart | nummod |
| 5 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 heart | amod |
| 6 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 hearts | cc |
| 8 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 hearts | amod |
| 9 | helper | helper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hearts | compound |
| 10 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 heart | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 counted | punct |
| 12 | often | often | ADV | _ | 13 counted | advmod |
| 13 | counted | count | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 hearts | acl |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 four | case |
| 15 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 counted | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 all | case |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 four | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 live | punct |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 live | nsubj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 live | aux |
| 21 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 has | parataxis |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 months | case |
| 23 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 live | obl |
| 24 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 25 eating | mark |
| 25 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 live | advcl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 helps | cc |
| 27 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 live | conj |
| 28 | clean | clean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 helps | xcomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 floor | det |
| 30 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 floor | compound |
| 31 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 clean | obj |
| 32 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 33 eating | mark |
| 33 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 clean | advcl |
| 34 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 whales | amod |
| 35 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 eating | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 fish | cc |
| 37 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 whales | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a hagfish | one main heart and several helper hearts | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | ||||
| 2 | count | participle | several helper hearts not said here | as four in all; often property | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as four=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | live | can | hagfish | month | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | eat | gerund | hagfish not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | help | present | hagfish not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | clean | infinitive | hagfish not said here | the sea floor | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent floor=Patient | ||||
| 7 | eat | gerund | hagfish not said here | dead whales and fish | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish/16/