Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards, sentence 12
In many monkeys a long stare or showing your teeth is a threat, not a smile, so the safe rule is no staring, no feeding, no touching, and walk calmly away; a monkey bite needs a doctor.
Who acts: long stare, safe rule, monkey bite · What happens: show, be, walk, need · To what, where: teeth, threat, staring, doctor
This is a sentence of the lesson «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (long stare, safe rule, monkey bite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 monkeys | case |
| 2 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 monkeys | amod |
| 3 | monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 threat | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 stare | det |
| 5 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 stare | amod |
| 6 | stare | stare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 threat | nsubj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 showing | cc |
| 8 | showing | show | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 stare | conj |
| 9 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 10 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 showing | obj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 threat | cop |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 threat | det |
| 13 | threat | threat | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 smile | punct |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 smile | advmod |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 smile | det |
| 17 | smile | smile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 threat | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 staring | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 staring | advmod |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 rule | det |
| 21 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 rule | amod |
| 22 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 staring | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 staring | cop |
| 24 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 25 staring | det |
| 25 | staring | staring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 threat | parataxis |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 feeding | punct |
| 27 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 28 feeding | det |
| 28 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 staring | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 touching | punct |
| 30 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 touching | det |
| 31 | touching | touching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 staring | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 walk | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 walk | cc |
| 34 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 25 staring | conj |
| 35 | calmly | calmly | ADV | _ | 36 away | advmod |
| 36 | away | away | ADV | _ | 34 walk | advmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 needs | punct |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 bite | det |
| 39 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bite | compound |
| 40 | bite | bite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 needs | nsubj |
| 41 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 threat | parataxis |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 doctor | det |
| 43 | doctor | doctor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 needs | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 threat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | gerund | a long stare not said here | your teeth | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | a long stare | a threat and a smile | in many monkeys | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | present | the safe rule | no staring and no feeding and no touching | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | walk | infinitive | the safe rule not said here | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | need | present | a monkey bite | a doctor | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot doctor=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards/12/