City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 4
House sparrows have lived beside people for about 10,000 years, since the first farms with spilled grain, and nest in gaps in roofs and walls, which many new buildings do not have.
Who acts: House sparrows, many new buildings · What happens: live, spill, nest, not have · To what, where: gaps, roofs
This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (House sparrows, many new buildings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | House | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 sparrows | compound |
| 2 | sparrows | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 lived | aux |
| 4 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 6 people | case |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lived | obl |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 years | case |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 10,000 | advmod |
| 9 | 10,000 | 10000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lived | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 farms | punct |
| 12 | since | since | ADP | _ | 15 farms | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 farms | det |
| 14 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 15 farms | amod |
| 15 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lived | obl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 grain | case |
| 17 | spilled | spill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 grain | amod |
| 18 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 farms | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 nest | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 nest | cc |
| 21 | nest | nest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 lived | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 gaps | case |
| 23 | gaps | gap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 nest | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 roofs | case |
| 25 | roofs | roof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 gaps | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 walls | cc |
| 27 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 roofs | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 have | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 have | obj |
| 30 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 buildings | amod |
| 31 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 buildings | amod |
| 32 | buildings | building | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 have | nsubj |
| 33 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 have | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 have | advmod |
| 35 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 roofs | acl:relcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present · perfect | House sparrows | since the first farms with spilled grain; year | beside people | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside people=Location | |||
| 2 | spill | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | nest | infinitive | House sparrows not said here | gaps in roofs and walls | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not have | present · do-support | many new buildings | roofs and walls | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/4/