City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 3

City life changes birds too: some lose their nest holes when old buildings are mended, and many sing higher, louder or at night so they can be heard over the traffic.

Who acts: City life, some, many · What happens: change, lose, mend, sing, hear · To what, where: birds, nest holes, old buildings, buildings, traffic

This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (City life, some, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	City	City	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 life	compound
2	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	nsubj
3	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 changes	obj
5	too	too	ADV	_	3 changes	advmod
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 lose	punct
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 lose	nsubj
8	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 changes	parataxis
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 holes	nmod:poss
10	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 holes	compound
11	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lose	obj
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	16 mended	advmod
13	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 buildings	amod
14	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 mended	nsubj:pass
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 mended	aux:pass
16	mended	mend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 lose	advcl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 sing	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 higher	cc
19	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 sing	nsubj
20	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 lose	conj
21	higher	high	ADV	Degree=Cmp	20 sing	advmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 louder	punct
23	louder	loud	ADV	Degree=Cmp	21 higher	conj
24	or	or	CCONJ	_	26 night	cc
25	at	at	ADP	_	26 night	case
26	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 higher	conj
27	so	so	SCONJ	_	31 heard	mark
28	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 heard	nsubj
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 heard	aux
30	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	31 heard	aux:pass
31	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 sing	advcl
32	over	over	ADP	_	34 traffic	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 traffic	det
34	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 heard	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 changes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	change	present	City life	birds			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient
2	lose	present	some	starlings's nest holes			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Eventuality
3	mend	present · passive		old buildings			tree rules
4	sing speech: express	present	many			high property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	hear	can · passive		buildings = building	the traffic		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/3/