City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 9
About 100 starlings were let go in New York's Central Park in 1890 and 1891, and now there are many millions in North America that take nest holes from native birds; the story that a Shakespeare fan did it for the plays is still argued.
Who acts: 100 starlings, many millions, Shakespeare fan · What happens: let, go, be, take, do, argue · To what, where: 100 starlings, 1890, Central Park, nest holes, story
This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (100 starlings, many millions, Shakespeare fan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 100 | advmod |
| 2 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 starlings | nummod |
| 3 | starlings | starling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 let | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 let | aux:pass |
| 5 | let | let | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 let | xcomp |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Park | case |
| 8 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 York | compound |
| 9 | York | York | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Park | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 York | case |
| 11 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Park | compound |
| 12 | Park | Park | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 go | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 1890 | case |
| 14 | 1890 | 1890 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 let | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 1891 | cc |
| 16 | 1891 | 1891 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 1890 | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 are | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 are | cc |
| 19 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 are | advmod |
| 20 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 21 are | expl |
| 21 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 let | conj |
| 22 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 millions | amod |
| 23 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 are | nsubj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 America | case |
| 25 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 America | compound |
| 26 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 millions | nmod |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 take | nsubj |
| 28 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 millions | acl:relcl |
| 29 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 holes | compound |
| 30 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 take | obj |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 birds | case |
| 32 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 birds | amod |
| 33 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 take | obl |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 argued | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 story | det |
| 36 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 argued | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 did | obj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 fan | det |
| 39 | Shakespeare | Shakespeare | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 fan | compound |
| 40 | fan | fan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 did | nsubj |
| 41 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 story | acl:relcl |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 did | obj |
| 43 | for | for | ADP | _ | 45 plays | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 plays | det |
| 45 | plays | play | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 did | obl |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 argued | aux:pass |
| 47 | still | still | ADV | _ | 48 argued | advmod |
| 48 | argued | argue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 let | parataxis |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 let | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | past · passive | 100 starlings | 1890 | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | infinitive | 100 starlings not said here | New York's Central Park | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in park=Location | ||||
| 3 | does | present | many millions in North America | there | now | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | take | present | many millions in North America | nest holes | from native birds | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent hole=Theme from bird=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | do | past | a Shakespeare fan | the story | for the plays | tree rules | |||
| 6 | argue speech: disagree | present · passive | the story | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/9/