Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 12

A housefly tastes with its feet, spits juices to turn food to liquid and mops it up; it can carry germs from rubbish and dung, so we cover food, and its eyes see movement very fast, which is why it is so hard to swat.

Who acts: housefly, we, eyes · What happens: taste, spit, turn, mop up, carry, cover · To what, where: juices, food, liquid, germs, rubbish, movement

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (housefly, we, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 housefly	det
2	housefly	housefly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tastes	nsubj
3	tastes	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 feet	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 feet	nmod:poss
6	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 tastes	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 spits	punct
8	spits	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tastes	conj
9	juices	juice	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spits	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 turn	mark
11	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 spits	advcl
12	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turn	obj
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 liquid	case
14	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turn	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 mops	cc
16	mops	mop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tastes	conj
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 mops	obj
18	up	up	ADP	_	16 mops	compound:prt
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 carry	punct
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 carry	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 carry	aux
22	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 tastes	conj
23	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 carry	obj
24	from	from	ADP	_	25 rubbish	case
25	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 germs	nmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 dung	cc
27	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 rubbish	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 cover	punct
29	so	so	ADV	_	31 cover	advmod
30	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 cover	nsubj
31	cover	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tastes	advcl
32	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 cover	obj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 see	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 see	cc
35	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 eyes	nmod:poss
36	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 see	nsubj
37	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 cover	conj
38	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 see	obj
39	very	very	ADV	_	40 fast	advmod
40	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	37 see	advmod
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	48 hard	punct
42	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	48 hard	nsubj
43	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	48 hard	cop
44	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	48 hard	advmod
45	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	48 hard	expl
46	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	48 hard	cop
47	so	so	ADV	_	48 hard	advmod
48	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 see	parataxis
49	to	to	PART	_	50 swat	mark
50	swat	swat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	48 hard	xcomp
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 tastes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	taste	present	a housefly			with housefly's feet	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	spit	present	a housefly not said here	juices			vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent juice=Theme
3	turn	to-infinitive	a housefly not said here	food	liquid		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent food=Theme to liquid=Trajectory
4	mop up	present	a housefly not said here	food			vn wipe_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent it=Initial_Location
5	carry	can	housefly	germs	rubbish and dung		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent germ=Theme from rubbish=Initial_Location
6	cover	present	we	food			vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent food=Destination
7	see	present	housefly's eyes	movement		fast property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer movement=Stimulus
8	is	present				hard property	tree rules
9	swat	to-infinitive					vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/12/