Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 16

Desert locusts are grasshoppers that, when crowded, change colour and behaviour and form swarms of billions that eat crops.

Who acts: Desert locusts, grasshoppers, billions · What happens: be, crowd, change, form, eat · To what, where: grasshoppers, colour, swarms, crops

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Desert locusts, grasshoppers, billions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 locusts	compound
2	locusts	locust	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grasshoppers	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grasshoppers	cop
4	grasshoppers	grasshopper	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 change	nsubj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 crowded	punct
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 crowded	mark
8	crowded	crowd	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 change	advcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 change	punct
10	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grasshoppers	acl:relcl
11	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 change	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 behaviour	cc
13	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 colour	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 form	cc
15	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 change	conj
16	swarms	swarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 form	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 billions	case
18	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 swarms	nmod
19	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 eat	nsubj
20	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 billions	acl:relcl
21	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 eat	obj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grasshoppers	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	Desert locusts	grasshoppers	tree rules
2	crowd	participle	grasshoppers not said here		vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
3	change	present	grasshoppers	colour and behaviour	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
4	form	present	grasshoppers not said here	swarms of billions	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location swarm=Theme
5	eat	present	billions	crops	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/16/