Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 17

The glow-worm is a beetle: the wingless female makes a cold green light in her tail with a chemical reaction, which wastes almost no energy as heat, to show flying males where she is.

Who acts: glow worm, wingless female, chemical reaction, flying males · What happens: be, make, waste, show, fly · To what, where: beetle, cold green light, tail, energy, flying males

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glow worm, wingless female, chemical reaction, flying males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 worm	det
2	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 worm	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 glow	punct
4	worm	worm	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 beetle	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 beetle	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 beetle	det
7	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 makes	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 female	det
10	wingless	wingless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 female	amod
11	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 makes	nsubj
12	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 beetle	parataxis
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 light	det
14	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 light	amod
15	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 light	amod
16	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 makes	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 tail	case
18	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 tail	nmod:poss
19	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 light	nmod
20	with	with	ADP	_	23 reaction	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 reaction	det
22	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 reaction	amod
23	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 makes	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 wastes	punct
25	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 wastes	nsubj
26	wastes	waste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 reaction	acl:relcl
27	almost	almost	ADV	_	29 energy	advmod
28	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	29 energy	det
29	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 wastes	obj
30	as	as	ADP	_	31 heat	case
31	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 wastes	obl
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 show	punct
33	to	to	PART	_	34 show	mark
34	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 wastes	advcl
35	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 males	amod
36	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 show	obj
37	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	36 males	acl:relcl
38	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 is	nsubj
39	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 where	cop
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 beetle	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: changed polarity=pos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the glow worm	a beetle			tree rules
2	make	present	the wingless female	a cold green light	female's tail	with a chemical reaction	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product
3	waste	present	a chemical reaction	no energy		as heat	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent energy=Duration as heat=Attribute
4	show	to-infinitive	a chemical reaction not said here	flying males			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent male=Recipient
5	fly	gerund					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	is	present	flying males not said here			where property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/17/