Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 3
Beetles are the biggest family of animals on Earth: their hard front wings are lids over the flying wings, as you see when a ladybird lifts its spotted cases.
Who acts: Beetles, hard front wings, you, ladybird · What happens: be, fly, see, lift, spot · To what, where: biggest family, lids, flying wings, spotted cases
This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beetles, hard front wings, you, ladybird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Beetles | beetle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 family | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 family | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 family | det |
| 4 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 family | amod |
| 5 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 animals | case |
| 7 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 family | nmod |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 Earth | case |
| 9 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 animals | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 lids | punct |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 wings | nmod:poss |
| 12 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 wings | amod |
| 13 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 wings | amod |
| 14 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lids | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 lids | cop |
| 16 | lids | lid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 family | parataxis |
| 17 | over | over | ADP | _ | 20 wings | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 wings | det |
| 19 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 wings | amod |
| 20 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lids | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 see | punct |
| 22 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 see | mark |
| 23 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 see | nsubj |
| 24 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 lids | advcl |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 lifts | advmod |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 ladybird | det |
| 27 | ladybird | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 lifts | nsubj |
| 28 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 see | advcl |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 cases | nmod:poss |
| 30 | spotted | spot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 cases | amod |
| 31 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 lifts | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 family | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Beetles | the biggest family | of animals on Earth | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | present | Beetles's hard front wings | lids | the flying wings | tree rules | |||
| 3 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | see | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | lift | present | a ladybird | ladybird's spotted cases | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Theme | ||||
| 6 | spot | participle | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/3/