Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 4
Insects can also be fierce: a bombardier beetle fires a boiling puff with a pop, a swarm of locusts can strip whole farms, and the mosquito biting your arm is, for people, the deadliest animal of all.
Who acts: Insects, bombardier beetle, swarm, mosquito · What happens: be, fire, strip, bite · To what, where: boiling puff, whole farms, arm, deadliest animal
This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects, bombardier beetle, swarm, mosquito), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fierce | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 fierce | aux |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 5 fierce | advmod |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 fierce | cop |
| 5 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 fires | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 beetle | det |
| 8 | bombardier | bombardier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 beetle | compound |
| 9 | beetle | beetle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fires | nsubj |
| 10 | fires | fire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fierce | parataxis |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 puff | det |
| 12 | boiling | boiling | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 puff | amod |
| 13 | puff | puff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fires | obj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 pop | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 pop | det |
| 16 | pop | pop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fires | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 strip | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 swarm | det |
| 19 | swarm | swarm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 strip | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 locusts | case |
| 21 | locusts | locust | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 swarm | nmod |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 strip | aux |
| 23 | strip | strip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 fires | conj |
| 24 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 farms | amod |
| 25 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 strip | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 people | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 animal | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 mosquito | det |
| 29 | mosquito | mosquito | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 animal | nsubj |
| 30 | biting | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 mosquito | acl |
| 31 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 arm | nmod:poss |
| 32 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 biting | obj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 animal | cop |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 is | punct |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 people | case |
| 36 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 animal | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 animal | punct |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 animal | det |
| 39 | deadliest | deadly | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 40 animal | amod |
| 40 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fires | conj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 all | case |
| 42 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 animal | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fierce | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | can | Insects | fierce property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fire | present | a bombardier beetle | a boiling puff | with a pop | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puff=Theme | |||
| 3 | strip | can | a swarm of locusts | whole farms | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farm=Patient | ||||
| 4 | bite | gerund | the mosquito not said here | your arm | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | the mosquito | the deadliest animal | for people; of all | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/4/