Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 10

The elk, called a moose in America, is the biggest deer in the world; males grow huge flat antlers each summer and drop them each winter, a pair sometimes about 20 kilograms.

Who acts: elk, males · What happens: call, be, grow, drop · To what, where: moose, America, biggest deer, world, huge flat antlers, antlers · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elk, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 elk	det
2	elk	elk	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 deer	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 called	punct
4	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 elk	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 moose	det
6	moose	moose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 called	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 America	case
8	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 called	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 deer	punct
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 deer	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 deer	det
12	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 deer	amod
13	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 world	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 world	det
16	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 deer	nmod
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 grow	punct
18	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grow	nsubj
19	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 deer	parataxis
20	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 antlers	amod
21	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 antlers	amod
22	antlers	antler	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grow	obj
23	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	24 summer	det
24	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 grow	obl:unmarked
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 drop	cc
26	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 grow	conj
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 drop	obj
28	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	29 winter	det
29	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 drop	obl:unmarked
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 pair	punct
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 pair	det
32	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 grow	obl
33	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	36 kilograms	advmod
34	about	about	ADV	_	35 20	advmod
35	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	36 kilograms	nummod
36	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 pair	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 deer	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	participle	the elk not said here	a moose	America			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the elk	the biggest deer	the world			tree rules
3	grow	present	males	huge flat antlers		summer	a pair 20 kilograms obl	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location antler=Theme
4	drop	present	males not said here	antlers = antler		winter		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/10/