Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 19
The fire salamander lives in damp Carpathian forests; the old belief that it lives in fire probably came from salamanders crawling out of logs thrown on a fire, and its bright colours warn of poisonous skin.
Who acts: fire salamander, belief, old belief, salamanders, bright colours · What happens: live, come, crawl, throw, warn · To what, where: damp Carpathian forests, old belief, fire, salamanders, logs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire salamander, belief, old belief, salamanders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 salamander | det |
| 2 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 salamander | compound |
| 3 | salamander | salamander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lives | nsubj |
| 4 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 forests | case |
| 6 | damp | damp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 forests | amod |
| 7 | Carpathian | carpathian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 forests | amod |
| 8 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lives | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 came | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 belief | det |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 belief | amod |
| 12 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 came | nsubj |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 lives | mark |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 lives | nsubj |
| 15 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 belief | acl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 fire | case |
| 17 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 lives | obl |
| 18 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 19 came | advmod |
| 19 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 lives | parataxis |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 salamanders | case |
| 21 | salamanders | salamander | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 came | obl |
| 22 | crawling | crawl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 salamanders | acl |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 logs | case |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 logs | case |
| 25 | logs | log | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 crawling | obl |
| 26 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 logs | acl |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 fire | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 fire | det |
| 29 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 thrown | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 warn | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 warn | cc |
| 32 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 colours | nmod:poss |
| 33 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 colours | amod |
| 34 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 warn | nsubj |
| 35 | warn | warn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 came | conj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 skin | case |
| 37 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 skin | amod |
| 38 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 warn | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | the fire salamander | damp Carpathian forests | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location | ||||
| 2 | live | present | belief | the old belief not said here | fire | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme belief=Location | |||
| 3 | come | past | the old belief | salamanders | probably property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from salamander=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | crawl | gerund | salamanders not said here | logs | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out log=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | throw | participle | logs not said here | a fire | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on fire=Destination | ||||
| 6 | warn speech: warn | present | belief's bright colours | of poisonous skin | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of skin=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/19/