Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 4
Big plant-eaters keep clearings open, hunters keep plant-eaters moving, and even a fallen dead beech is full of life: beetles, fungi and woodpeckers live in it.
Who acts: Big plant eaters, hunters, plant eaters, fallen dead beech, beetles · What happens: keep, move, fall, be, live · To what, where: clearings, plant eaters, beech
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big plant eaters, hunters, plant eaters, fallen dead beech), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 eaters | amod |
| 2 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 eaters | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 plant | punct |
| 4 | eaters | eater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 keep | nsubj |
| 5 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | clearings | clearing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 keep | obj |
| 7 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 keep | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 keep | punct |
| 9 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 keep | nsubj |
| 10 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 keep | conj |
| 11 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 eaters | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 plant | punct |
| 13 | eaters | eater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 keep | obj |
| 14 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 keep | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 full | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 full | cc |
| 17 | even | even | ADV | _ | 21 beech | advmod |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 beech | det |
| 19 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 beech | amod |
| 20 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 beech | amod |
| 21 | beech | beech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 full | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 full | cop |
| 23 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 keep | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 life | case |
| 25 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 full | obl |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 beetles | punct |
| 27 | beetles | beetle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 live | nsubj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 fungi | punct |
| 29 | fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 beetles | conj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 woodpeckers | cc |
| 31 | woodpeckers | woodpecker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 beetles | conj |
| 32 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 full | advcl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 it | case |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 live | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Big plant eaters | clearings | open property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clearing=Theme | |||
| 2 | keep | present | hunters | plant eaters | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | move | gerund | plant eaters not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | a fallen dead beech | of life; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | live | present | beetles and fungi and woodpeckers | beech | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/4/