White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey to Africa, sentence 15
In 1822 a stork in Germany was found with an African spear in its neck; it helped prove storks spend winter in Africa, when some people thought birds slept in mud all winter.
Who acts: stork, storks, people, birds · What happens: find, help, prove, spend, think, sleep · To what, where: stork, 1822, Africa, mud · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey to Africa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stork, storks, people, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1822 | case |
| 2 | 1822 | 1822 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 found | obl |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 stork | det |
| 4 | stork | stork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 found | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Germany | case |
| 6 | Germany | Germany | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 stork | nmod |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 found | aux:pass |
| 8 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 helped | parataxis |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 spear | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 spear | det |
| 11 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 spear | amod |
| 12 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 found | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 neck | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 neck | nmod:poss |
| 15 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 spear | nmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 helped | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 helped | nsubj |
| 18 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | prove | prove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 helped | xcomp |
| 20 | storks | stork | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 spend | nsubj |
| 21 | spend | spend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 prove | ccomp |
| 22 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 spend | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Africa | case |
| 24 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 spend | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 thought | punct |
| 26 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 thought | advmod |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 people | det |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 thought | nsubj |
| 29 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 helped | conj |
| 30 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 slept | nsubj |
| 31 | slept | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 thought | ccomp |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 mud | case |
| 33 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 slept | obl |
| 34 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 winter | det |
| 35 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 slept | obl:unmarked |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 found | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past · passive | a stork in Germany | 1822 | with a African spear in stork's neck | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||
| 2 | help | past | stork | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | prove | infinitive | stork not said here | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | spend | present | storks | Africa | winter | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | think speech: other | past | some people | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | sleep | past | birds | mud | winter | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in mud=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/15/