Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses, sentence 10
Sunflowers came from North America, reached Europe in the 1500s, and oil was pressed from them in the Russian Empire in the 1800s; historians report it spread partly because it was allowed during church fasts when butter was not.
Who acts: Sunflowers, historians, oil · What happens: come, reach, press, report, spread, allow · To what, where: North America, Europe, 1500s, oil, Russian Empire
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sunflowers, historians, oil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sunflowers | sunflower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 America | case |
| 4 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 America | compound |
| 5 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 came | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 reached | punct |
| 7 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | conj |
| 8 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 reached | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 1500s | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 1500s | det |
| 11 | 1500s | 1500 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 7 reached | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 pressed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 pressed | cc |
| 14 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pressed | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 pressed | aux:pass |
| 16 | pressed | press | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 came | conj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 them | case |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 pressed | obl:agent |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 Empire | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Empire | det |
| 21 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 Empire | amod |
| 22 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 pressed | obl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 1800s | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 1800s | det |
| 25 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 16 pressed | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 report | punct |
| 27 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 report | nsubj |
| 28 | report | report | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | parataxis |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 spread | nsubj |
| 30 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 report | ccomp |
| 31 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 30 spread | advmod |
| 32 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 35 allowed | mark |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 allowed | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 allowed | aux:pass |
| 35 | allowed | allow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 spread | advcl |
| 36 | during | during | ADP | _ | 38 fasts | case |
| 37 | church | church | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fasts | compound |
| 38 | fasts | fast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 allowed | obl |
| 39 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 not | advmod |
| 40 | butter | but | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 was | nsubj |
| 41 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 not | cop |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 allowed | advcl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Sunflowers | North America | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from america=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | reach | past | Sunflowers not said here | Europe | the 1500s | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | |||
| 3 | press | past · passive | sunflowers = sunflower | oil | the Russian Empire | in the 1800s | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||
| 4 | report | present | historians | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | spread | past | oil | partly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | allow | past · passive | oil | during church fasts | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/10/