China's plants: bamboo, ginkgo, lotus, tea and rice paddies, sentence 16
A lotus leaf has tiny bumps covered in wax, so water rolls off taking dirt with it; this lotus effect was copied for self-cleaning paint and glass, and in Buddhism the lotus stands for something pure rising from mud.
Who acts: lotus leaf, water, lotus · What happens: have, cover, roll off, take, copy, stand · To what, where: tiny bumps, dirt, lotus effect, Buddhism, mud
This is a sentence of the lesson «China's plants: bamboo, ginkgo, lotus, tea and rice paddies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lotus leaf, water, lotus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 leaf | det |
| 2 | lotus | lotus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leaf | compound |
| 3 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 bumps | amod |
| 6 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 has | obj |
| 7 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 bumps | acl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 wax | case |
| 9 | wax | wax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 covered | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rolls | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 rolls | advmod |
| 12 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rolls | nsubj |
| 13 | rolls | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 14 | off | off | ADP | _ | 13 rolls | compound:prt |
| 15 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 rolls | advcl |
| 16 | dirt | dirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 taking | obj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 it | case |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 taking | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 copied | punct |
| 20 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 effect | det |
| 21 | lotus | lotus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 effect | compound |
| 22 | effect | effect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 copied | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 copied | aux:pass |
| 24 | copied | copy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 has | parataxis |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 paint | case |
| 26 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 cleaning | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 self | punct |
| 28 | cleaning | cleaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 paint | compound |
| 29 | paint | paint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 copied | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 glass | cc |
| 31 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 paint | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 stands | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 stands | cc |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 Buddhism | case |
| 35 | Buddhism | Buddhism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 stands | obl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 lotus | det |
| 37 | lotus | lotus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 stands | nsubj |
| 38 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 39 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 something | case |
| 40 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 38 stands | obl |
| 41 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 something | amod |
| 42 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 something | acl |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 mud | case |
| 44 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 rising | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a lotus leaf | tiny bumps | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Patient | ||||
| 2 | cover | participle | tiny bumps not said here | in wax | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in wax=Theme | ||||
| 3 | roll off | present | water | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take | gerund | water not said here | dirt | with water | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirt=Theme | |||
| 5 | copy | past · passive | this lotus effect | for cleaning paint and glass | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | stand | present | the lotus | Buddhism | for something | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in buddhism=Location | |||
| 7 | rise | gerund | mud | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mud=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:380-china-s-plants-bamboo-ginkgo-lotus-tea-and-rice-paddies.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/380-china-s-plants-bamboo-ginkgo-lotus-tea-and-rice-paddies/16/