China's plants: bamboo, ginkgo, lotus, tea and rice paddies, sentence 4

Pour water on a lotus leaf and it rolls off in silver balls, carrying the dirt with it, because the leaf is covered in tiny waxy bumps.

Who acts: you, water · What happens: pour, roll off, carry, cover · To what, where: water, lotus leaf, silver balls, dirt, leaf

This is a sentence of the lesson «China's plants: bamboo, ginkgo, lotus, tea and rice paddies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pour	pour	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pour	obj
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 leaf	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 leaf	det
5	lotus	lotus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leaf	compound
6	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pour	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 rolls	cc
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rolls	nsubj
9	rolls	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Pour	conj
10	off	off	ADP	_	9 rolls	compound:prt
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 balls	case
12	silver	silver	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 balls	compound
13	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 rolls	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 carrying	punct
15	carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 rolls	advcl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 dirt	det
17	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 carrying	obj
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 it	case
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 carrying	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 covered	punct
21	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 covered	mark
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 leaf	det
23	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 covered	nsubj:pass
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 covered	aux:pass
25	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 rolls	advcl
26	in	in	ADP	_	29 bumps	case
27	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 bumps	amod
28	waxy	waxy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 bumps	amod
29	bumps	bump	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 covered	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Pour	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pour	imperative	you not said here	water	a lotus leaf		vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
2	roll off	present	water		silver balls		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ball=Trajectory
3	carry	gerund	water not said here	the dirt		with water	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirt=Theme
4	cover	present · passive		the leaf		in tiny waxy bumps	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in bump=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:380-china-s-plants-bamboo-ginkgo-lotus-tea-and-rice-paddies.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/380-china-s-plants-bamboo-ginkgo-lotus-tea-and-rice-paddies/4/