Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 16
A mammoth chewed with four big grinding teeth at a time, one in each half of each jaw, and had two tusks; worn teeth were replaced about six times in a life.
Who acts: mammoth · What happens: chew, grind, have, wear, replace · To what, where: two tusks, worn teeth, life
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mammoth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 mammoth | det |
| 2 | mammoth | mammoth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chewed | nsubj |
| 3 | chewed | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 teeth | case |
| 5 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 teeth | nummod |
| 6 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 teeth | amod |
| 7 | grinding | grind | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 teeth | amod |
| 8 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 chewed | obl |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 time | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 time | det |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chewed | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 one | punct |
| 13 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 time | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 half | case |
| 15 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 half | det |
| 16 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 13 one | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 jaw | case |
| 18 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 jaw | det |
| 19 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 half | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 had | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 had | cc |
| 22 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 chewed | conj |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 tusks | nummod |
| 24 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 had | obj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 teeth | punct |
| 26 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 teeth | amod |
| 27 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 replaced | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 replaced | aux:pass |
| 29 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 chewed | conj |
| 30 | about | about | ADV | _ | 31 six | advmod |
| 31 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 times | nummod |
| 32 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 replaced | obl:unmarked |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 life | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 life | det |
| 35 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 replaced | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 chewed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chew | past | a mammoth | time | with four big grinding teeth | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | grind | gerund | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | have | past | a mammoth not said here | two tusks | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient | ||||
| 4 | wear | participle | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | replace | past · passive | worn teeth | a life | time | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/16/