Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 17

Cave hyenas cracked bones with powerful jaws and dragged them to their dens, which scientists find by gnawed bones and fossil droppings.

Who acts: Cave hyenas, scientists · What happens: cave, crack, drag, find, gnaw · To what, where: bones, dens

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave hyenas, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cave	cave	VERB	Number=Sing	2 hyenas	compound
2	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cracked	nsubj
3	cracked	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cracked	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 jaws	case
6	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 jaws	amod
7	jaws	jaw	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cracked	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 dragged	cc
9	dragged	drag	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cracked	conj
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 dragged	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 dens	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 dens	nmod:poss
13	dens	den	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dragged	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 find	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 find	obj
16	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 find	nsubj
17	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 dens	acl:relcl
18	by	by	ADP	_	20 bones	case
19	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 bones	amod
20	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 find	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 droppings	cc
22	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 droppings	compound
23	droppings	dropping	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 bones	conj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cracked	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cave						tree rules
2	crack	past	Cave hyenas	bones		with powerful jaws	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bone=Patient with jaw=Instrument
3	drag	past	Cave hyenas not said here	bones = bone	jaws's dens		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to den=Destination
4	find	present	scientists	jaws's dens		by gnawed bones and fossil droppings	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Topic
5	gnaw	participle					vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/17/