Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 9
Cave bears lived in Ice Age Europe, were bigger than most brown bears, ate mostly plants and died out about 25,000 years ago; many died in their winter sleep in caves.
Who acts: Cave bears, many, bears · What happens: live, be, eat, die out, die, sleep · To what, where: Age Europe, plants, most brown bears, winter sleep, caves
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave bears, many, bears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bears | compound |
| 2 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Age | case |
| 5 | Ice | Ice | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Age | compound |
| 6 | Age | age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Europe | compound |
| 7 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 bigger | punct |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 bigger | cop |
| 10 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 lived | parataxis |
| 11 | than | than | ADP | _ | 14 bears | case |
| 12 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 14 bears | amod |
| 13 | brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 bears | amod |
| 14 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bigger | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 ate | punct |
| 16 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 bigger | conj |
| 17 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 18 plants | advmod |
| 18 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ate | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 died | cc |
| 20 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 ate | conj |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 20 died | compound:prt |
| 22 | about | about | ADV | _ | 23 25,000 | advmod |
| 23 | 25,000 | 25000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 years | nummod |
| 24 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 20 died | advmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
| 27 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 died | nsubj |
| 28 | died | die | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 bears | acl:relcl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 sleep | case |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 sleep | nmod:poss |
| 31 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 sleep | compound |
| 32 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 died | obl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 caves | case |
| 34 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 sleep | nmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Cave bears | Age Europe | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | than most brown bears; big property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | eat | past | plants | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | |||||
| 4 | die out | past | ago property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | die | participle | many | most brown bears not said here | bears's winter sleep in caves | tree rules | |||
| 6 | sleep | bears = bear | caves | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/9/