Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 12
Ayumu, a young chimp in Japan, remembered where numbers 1 to 9 were after seeing them for less than a second; whether chimps really beat people at this is still argued.
Who acts: Ayumu, numbers, chimps · What happens: remember, see, beat, argue · To what, where: chimps, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ayumu, numbers, chimps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ayumu | Ayumu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 remembered | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 chimp | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 chimp | det |
| 4 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 chimp | amod |
| 5 | chimp | chimp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ayumu | appos |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Japan | case |
| 7 | Japan | Japan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 chimp | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ayumu | punct |
| 9 | remembered | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 seeing | advmod |
| 11 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 seeing | nsubj |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 numbers | nummod |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 9 | case |
| 14 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 1 | nmod |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 seeing | aux |
| 16 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 17 seeing | mark |
| 17 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 remembered | advcl |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 seeing | obj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 less | case |
| 20 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 seeing | obl |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 23 second | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 second | det |
| 23 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 seeing | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 remembered | punct |
| 25 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 28 beat | mark |
| 26 | chimps | chimp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 beat | nsubj |
| 27 | really | really | ADV | _ | 28 beat | advmod |
| 28 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 argued | csubj:pass |
| 29 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 beat | obj |
| 30 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 34 argued | mark |
| 31 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 beat | obl |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 argued | aux:pass |
| 33 | still | still | ADV | _ | 34 argued | advmod |
| 34 | argued | argue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 remembered | parataxis |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 remembered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remember | past | Ayumu | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | see | past · progressive | numbers | chimps = chimp | for less; than a second | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | beat | present | chimps | people | this obl | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location people=Theme | |||
| 4 | argue speech: disagree | present · passive | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/12/