Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 13

In Japan a young female macaque began washing sandy sweet potatoes in water, and the habit spread through her troop by copying.

Who acts: young female macaque, habit · What happens: begin, wash, spread, copy · To what, where: Japan, sandy sweet potatoes, water, troop

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young female macaque, habit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Japan	case
2	Japan	Japan	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 began	obl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 macaque	det
4	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 macaque	amod
5	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 macaque	amod
6	macaque	macaque	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 began	nsubj
7	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	washing	wash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 began	xcomp
9	sandy	sandy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 potatoes	amod
10	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 potatoes	amod
11	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 washing	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 water	case
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 washing	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 spread	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 spread	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 habit	det
17	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 spread	nsubj
18	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 began	conj
19	through	through	ADP	_	21 troop	case
20	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 troop	nmod:poss
21	troop	troop	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 spread	obl
22	by	by	SCONJ	_	23 copying	mark
23	copying	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 began	advcl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 began	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	begin	past	a young female macaque		Japan	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	wash	gerund	a young female macaque not said here	sandy sweet potatoes	water	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent potato=Patient
3	spread	past	the habit		Japan's troop	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through troop=Location
4	copy	gerund	a young female macaque not said here			vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/13/