Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 15
Orangutans, which live in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra, use big leaves as umbrellas, and one wild orangutan was reported to put chewed plant juice on a cut on his face, which then healed.
Who acts: Orangutans, face · What happens: live, use, report, put, chew, heal · To what, where: rainforests, big leaves, one wild orangutan, chewed plant juice, cut
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Orangutans, face), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Orangutans | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 use | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 live | punct |
| 3 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 live | nsubj |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Orangutans | acl:relcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 rainforests | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 rainforests | det |
| 7 | rainforests | rainforest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Borneo | case |
| 9 | Borneo | Borneo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 rainforests | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 Sumatra | cc |
| 11 | Sumatra | Sumatra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Borneo | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 use | punct |
| 13 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 leaves | amod |
| 15 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 use | obj |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 umbrellas | case |
| 17 | umbrellas | umbrella | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 use | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 reported | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 reported | cc |
| 20 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 orangutan | nummod |
| 21 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 orangutan | amod |
| 22 | orangutan | orangutan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 reported | aux:pass |
| 24 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 use | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 put | mark |
| 26 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 reported | xcomp |
| 27 | chewed | chew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 juice | amod |
| 28 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 juice | compound |
| 29 | juice | juice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 put | obj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 cut | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 cut | det |
| 32 | cut | cut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 put | obl |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 face | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 face | nmod:poss |
| 35 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 cut | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 healed | punct |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 healed | nsubj |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 39 healed | advmod |
| 39 | healed | heal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 face | acl:relcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 use | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Orangutans | the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location | ||||
| 2 | use | present | Orangutans | big leaves | as umbrellas | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent leaf=Duration as umbrella=Attribute | |||
| 3 | report | past · passive | one wild orangutan | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | put | to-infinitive | chewed plant juice | a cut on Sumatra's face | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent juice=Theme on cut=Destination | ||||
| 5 | chew | participle | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | heal | past | Sumatra's face | then | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/15/