Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs, sentence 0

A honeybee's brain is about the size of a grain of sand, yet in tests bees learned to count landmarks up to about four to find sugar water.

Who acts: brain, bees · What happens: be, learn, count up, find · To what, where: size, tests, landmarks, sugar water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brain, bees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 honeybee	det
2	honeybee	honeybee	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 brain	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 honeybee	case
4	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 size	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 size	cop
6	about	about	ADV	_	8 size	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 size	det
8	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 grain	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 grain	det
11	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 size	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 sand	case
13	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 grain	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 learned	punct
15	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	19 learned	cc
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 tests	case
17	tests	test	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 learned	obl
18	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 learned	nsubj
19	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 size	conj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 count	mark
21	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 learned	xcomp
22	landmarks	landmark	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 count	obj
23	up	up	ADP	_	21 count	compound:prt
24	to	to	ADP	_	23 up	fixed
25	about	about	ADV	_	26 four	advmod
26	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 count	obl
27	to	to	PART	_	28 find	mark
28	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 count	advcl
29	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 water	compound
30	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 find	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 size	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a honeybee's brain	the size		of a grain of sand; about property	tree rules
2	learn	past	bees		tests		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	count up	to-infinitive	bees not said here	landmarks		four obl	vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent landmark=Theme
4	find	to-infinitive	bees not said here	sugar water			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs/0/