Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs, sentence 3
People once thought only humans used tools; now we know birds, apes, otters and even fish do.
Who acts: People, humans, we, birds · What happens: think, use, know, do · To what, where: tools · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, humans, we, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 3 thought | advmod |
| 3 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 do | parataxis |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 humans | advmod |
| 5 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 used | nsubj |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 thought | ccomp |
| 7 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 used | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 know | punct |
| 9 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 know | advmod |
| 10 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 know | nsubj |
| 11 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 thought | parataxis |
| 12 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 do | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 apes | punct |
| 14 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 birds | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 otters | punct |
| 16 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 birds | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 fish | cc |
| 18 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 fish | advmod |
| 19 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 birds | conj |
| 20 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | People | once property | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | past | humans | tools | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient | ||||
| 3 | know | present | we | now | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | do | present | birds and apes and otters and fish | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs/3/