How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 9
Great apes, dolphins, one elephant and some magpies are reported to pass the mirror test, while most monkeys, dogs and cats do not.
What happens: report, pass · To what, where: Great apes, mirror test
This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 apes | amod |
| 2 | apes | ape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 dolphins | punct |
| 4 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 apes | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 elephant | punct |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 elephant | nummod |
| 7 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 apes | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 magpies | cc |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 magpies | det |
| 10 | magpies | magpie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 apes | conj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 reported | aux:pass |
| 12 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 pass | mark |
| 14 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 reported | xcomp |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 test | det |
| 16 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 test | compound |
| 17 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pass | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 monkeys | punct |
| 19 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 26 do | mark |
| 20 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 monkeys | amod |
| 21 | monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 do | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 dogs | punct |
| 23 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 monkeys | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 cats | cc |
| 25 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 monkeys | conj |
| 26 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 reported | advcl |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 do | advmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 reported | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | present · passive | Great apes and dolphins and one elephant and some magpies | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | the mirror test | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/9/