How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 8
In the mirror test a mark is put where an animal can see it only in a mirror; touching the mark on its own body suggests it knows the reflection is itself.
Who acts: animal, touching, reflection · What happens: put, see, touch, suggest, know, be · To what, where: mark, mirror test, test, mirror, animal · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal, touching, reflection), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 test | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 test | det |
| 3 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 test | compound |
| 4 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 put | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 mark | det |
| 6 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 put | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 put | aux:pass |
| 8 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 see | advmod |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 animal | det |
| 11 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 see | nsubj |
| 12 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 see | aux |
| 13 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 put | advcl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 see | obj |
| 15 | only | only | ADV | _ | 18 mirror | advmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 mirror | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 mirror | det |
| 18 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 see | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 touching | punct |
| 20 | touching | touch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 suggests | csubj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 mark | det |
| 22 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 touching | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 body | case |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 body | nmod:poss |
| 25 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 body | amod |
| 26 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 touching | obl |
| 27 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 put | parataxis |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 knows | nsubj |
| 29 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 suggests | ccomp |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 reflection | det |
| 31 | reflection | reflection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 itself | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 itself | cop |
| 33 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 29 knows | ccomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 put | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | present · passive | a mark | the mirror test | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in test=Destination | ||||
| 2 | see | can | a animal | test | a mirror | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | touch | gerund | the mark | on animal's own body | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent mark=Experiencer on body=Theme | ||||
| 4 | suggest speech: suggest | present | touching | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | know | present | animal | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is a | present | the reflection | animal | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/8/