How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 13

Wild elephants in Africa were reported to sleep only about two hours a night, mostly standing, and some nights not at all.

What happens: report, sleep, stand · To what, where: Wild elephants

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 elephants	amod
2	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 reported	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Africa	case
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 elephants	nmod
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 reported	aux:pass
6	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 sleep	mark
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 reported	xcomp
9	only	only	ADV	_	11 two	advmod
10	about	about	ADV	_	11 two	advmod
11	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 hours	nummod
12	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sleep	obj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 night	det
14	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sleep	obl:unmarked
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 standing	punct
16	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	17 standing	advmod
17	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 sleep	advcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 standing	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 all	cc
20	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	21 nights	det
21	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 all	nsubj
22	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 all	advmod
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 all	case
24	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 standing	conj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 reported	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	report	past · passive	Wild elephants in Africa			tree rules
2	sleep	to-infinitive		hour; night		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	stand	gerund			mostly property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/13/