How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 17
Sleeping a lot saves energy when food is poor or comes only at certain times.
Who acts: Sleeping, food · What happens: sleep, save, be, come · To what, where: lot, energy
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sleeping, food), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 saves | csubj |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 lot | det |
| 3 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Sleeping | obj |
| 4 | saves | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saves | obj |
| 6 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 poor | advmod |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 poor | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 poor | cop |
| 9 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 saves | advcl |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 comes | cc |
| 11 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 poor | conj |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 15 times | advmod |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 times | case |
| 14 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 times | amod |
| 15 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 comes | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saves | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | gerund | a lot | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme | |||||
| 2 | save | present | Sleeping | energy | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | present | food | poor property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | come | present | food not said here | time | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/17/