How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 16
Koalas sleep or rest about 18 to 22 hours a day, and some bats sleep about 20 hours.
Who acts: Koalas, bats · What happens: sleep, rest
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koalas, bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Koalas | koala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 sleep | nsubj |
| 2 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 4 rest | cc |
| 4 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 sleep | conj |
| 5 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 18 | advmod |
| 6 | 18 | 18 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 hours | nummod |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 22 | case |
| 8 | 22 | 22 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 18 | nmod |
| 9 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 rest | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 day | det |
| 11 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hours | nmod:unmarked |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 sleep | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 sleep | cc |
| 14 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 bats | det |
| 15 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 sleep | nsubj |
| 16 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 sleep | conj |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 20 | advmod |
| 18 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 hours | nummod |
| 19 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 sleep | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 sleep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | present | Koalas | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | rest | present | Koalas not said here | hour | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | sleep | present | some bats | hour | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/16/