How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 15
Fish rest by slowing down and hovering still; they have no eyelids, so their eyes stay open, and some parrotfish sleep in a bubble of slime.
Who acts: Fish, eyes, parrotfish · What happens: rest, slow down, hover, have, stay, sleep · To what, where: eyelids, bubble
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fish, eyes, parrotfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fish | Fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | nsubj |
| 2 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 4 slowing | mark |
| 4 | slowing | slow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 rest | advcl |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 slowing | compound:prt |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 hovering | cc |
| 7 | hovering | hover | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 slowing | conj |
| 8 | still | still | ADV | _ | 7 hovering | advmod |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 have | nsubj |
| 11 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 rest | parataxis |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 eyelids | det |
| 13 | eyelids | eyelid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 have | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 stay | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 stay | advmod |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 17 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 stay | nsubj |
| 18 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 rest | conj |
| 19 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 stay | xcomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sleep | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 sleep | cc |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 parrotfish | det |
| 23 | parrotfish | parrotfish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 sleep | nsubj |
| 24 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 rest | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 bubble | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 bubble | det |
| 27 | bubble | bubble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sleep | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 slime | case |
| 29 | slime | slime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 bubble | nmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rest | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rest | present | Fish | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | slow down | gerund | Fish not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | hover | gerund | Fish not said here | still | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | present | Fish | no eyelids | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eyelid=Patient | ||||
| 5 | stay | present | Fish's eyes | open property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | sleep | present | some parrotfish | a bubble of slime | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in bubble=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/15/