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How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 3

Ducks at the ends of a row keep the outward eye open, frigatebirds nap for seconds while gliding over the ocean, and horses doze standing up so they can run if danger comes.

Who acts: Ducks, frigatebirds, horses, danger · What happens: keep, nap, glide, doze, stand up, run · To what, where: outward eye, ocean

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ducks, frigatebirds, horses, danger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubjcasedetnmodcasedetnmoddetamodobjxcomppunctnsubjconjcaseoblmarkadvclcasedetoblpunctccnsubjconjxcompcompound:prtmarknsubjauxadvclmarknsubjadvclpunctrootDucksNOUNatADPtheDETendsNOUNofADPaDETrowNOUNkeepVERBtheDEToutwardADJeyeNOUNopenADJ,PUNCTfrigatebirdsNOUNnapVERBforADPsecondsNOUNwhileSCONJglidingVERBoverADPtheDEToceanNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJhorsesNOUNdozeVERBstandingVERBupADVsoSCONJtheyPRONcanAUXrunVERBifSCONJdangerNOUNcomesVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1DucksduckNOUNNumber=Plur8 keepnsubj
2atatADP_4 endscase
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 endsdet
4endsendNOUNNumber=Plur1 Ducksnmod
5ofofADP_7 rowcase
6aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art7 rowdet
7rowrowNOUNNumber=Sing4 endsnmod
8keepkeepVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art11 eyedet
10outwardoutwardADJDegree=Pos11 eyeamod
11eyeeyeNOUNNumber=Sing8 keepobj
12openopenADJDegree=Pos8 keepxcomp
13,,PUNCT_15 nappunct
14frigatebirdsfrigatebirdNOUNNumber=Plur15 napnsubj
15napnapVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 keepconj
16forforADP_17 secondscase
17secondssecondNOUNNumber=Plur15 napobl
18whilewhileSCONJ_19 glidingmark
19glidingglideVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part15 napadvcl
20overoverADP_22 oceancase
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 oceandet
22oceanoceanNOUNNumber=Sing19 glidingobl
23,,PUNCT_26 dozepunct
24andandCCONJ_26 dozecc
25horseshorseNOUNNumber=Plur26 dozensubj
26dozedozeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 keepconj
27standingstandVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part26 dozexcomp
28upupADV_27 standingcompound:prt
29sosoSCONJ_32 runmark
30theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs32 runnsubj
31cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin32 runaux
32runrunVERBVerbForm=Inf26 dozeadvcl
33ififSCONJ_35 comesmark
34dangerdangerNOUNNumber=Sing35 comesnsubj
35comescomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin32 runadvcl
36..PUNCT_8 keeppunct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1keeppresentDucks at the ends of a rowthe outward eyeopen propertyvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme
2nappresentfrigatebirdssecondvn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3glidegerundfrigatebirds not said herethe oceanvn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over ocean=Trajectory
4dozepresenthorsestree rules
5stand upgerundhorses not said herevn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6runcanhorses = horsevn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7come a condition, not said to happenpresentdangervn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/3/