How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 3
Ducks at the ends of a row keep the outward eye open, frigatebirds nap for seconds while gliding over the ocean, and horses doze standing up so they can run if danger comes.
Who acts: Ducks, frigatebirds, horses, danger · What happens: keep, nap, glide, doze, stand up, run · To what, where: outward eye, ocean
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ducks, frigatebirds, horses, danger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 keep | nsubj |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 ends | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ends | det |
| 4 | ends | end | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Ducks | nmod |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 row | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 row | det |
| 7 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ends | nmod |
| 8 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 eye | det |
| 10 | outward | outward | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 eye | amod |
| 11 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 keep | obj |
| 12 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 keep | xcomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 nap | punct |
| 14 | frigatebirds | frigatebird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 nap | nsubj |
| 15 | nap | nap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 keep | conj |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 seconds | case |
| 17 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 nap | obl |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 19 gliding | mark |
| 19 | gliding | glide | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 nap | advcl |
| 20 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 ocean | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 ocean | det |
| 22 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 gliding | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 doze | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 doze | cc |
| 25 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 doze | nsubj |
| 26 | doze | doze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 keep | conj |
| 27 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 doze | xcomp |
| 28 | up | up | ADV | _ | 27 standing | compound:prt |
| 29 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 32 run | mark |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 run | nsubj |
| 31 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 run | aux |
| 32 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 doze | advcl |
| 33 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 35 comes | mark |
| 34 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 comes | nsubj |
| 35 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 run | advcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Ducks at the ends of a row | the outward eye | open property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | |||
| 2 | nap | present | frigatebirds | second | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | glide | gerund | frigatebirds not said here | the ocean | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over ocean=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | doze | present | horses | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | stand up | gerund | horses not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | run | can | horses = horse | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | come a condition, not said to happen | present | danger | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/3/