How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 4

Big plant-eaters like giraffes and elephants sleep only a short time, because they need many hours to eat and lying down can be dangerous with lions about.

Who acts: Big plant eaters, eaters, lying · What happens: sleep, need, eat, lie down, be

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big plant eaters, eaters, lying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 eaters	amod
2	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eaters	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 plant	punct
4	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 sleep	nsubj
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 giraffes	case
6	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 eaters	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 elephants	cc
8	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 giraffes	conj
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	only	only	ADV	_	13 time	advmod
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 time	det
12	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 time	amod
13	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sleep	obl:unmarked
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 need	punct
15	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 need	mark
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 need	nsubj
17	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 sleep	advcl
18	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 hours	amod
19	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 need	obj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 eat	mark
21	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 need	xcomp
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 dangerous	cc
23	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	27 dangerous	csubj
24	down	down	ADV	_	23 lying	advmod
25	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 dangerous	aux
26	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	27 dangerous	cop
27	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 eat	conj
28	with	with	ADP	_	29 lions	case
29	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 dangerous	obl
30	about	about	ADV	_	29 lions	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Big plant eaters like giraffes and elephants	time		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	need	present	eaters = eater	hour		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive	eaters = eater not said here			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	lie down	gerund			down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is	can	lying		with lions; dangerous property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/4/