How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 5

Animals that eat poor food, like koalas, or must wait for their food, like bats, sleep a lot to save energy.

Who acts: Animals · What happens: eat, wait, sleep, save · To what, where: poor food, lot, energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 sleep	nsubj
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 eat	nsubj
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Animals	acl:relcl
4	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 food	amod
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eat	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 koalas	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 koalas	case
8	koalas	koala	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wait	punct
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 wait	cc
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 wait	aux
12	wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 eat	conj
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 food	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 food	nmod:poss
15	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wait	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 bats	punct
17	like	like	ADP	_	18 bats	case
18	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wait	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Animals	punct
20	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 lot	det
22	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 sleep	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 save	mark
24	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 sleep	advcl
25	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 save	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Animals	poor food	like koalas	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
2	wait	must	Animals not said here		for Animals's food; like bats	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	sleep	present	Animals	a lot		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
4	save	to-infinitive	Animals not said here	energy		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/5/